Recomendation Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case against the Death Penalty Free Essays

string(56) The condemning stage nearly sums to a second trial. At the point when the then United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan was given an appeal containing 3. 2 million marks from 146 nations for an overall ban on capital punishment, he had remarked: â€Å"The relinquishment of life is excessively total, unreasonably irreversible, for one individual to cause it on another, in any event, when upheld by legitimate procedure. What's more, I accept that people in the future, all through the world, will come to concur. We will compose a custom paper test on Body of evidence against the Death Penalty or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now † (Gettings) The expressions of the previous UN Secretary General were in reality a reverberation of the opinions of the a great many signatories to the appeal that was introduced to him. Capital punishment strikes at the center of human affectability and reasonableness. The world is partitioned into right around two equivalent camps †one enthusiastically in help and the other similarly energetically against this outrageous proportion of scold in mankind's history. Forty-seven percent Americans bolster capital punishment, while 48% would prefer to lean toward existence without payrole (Death Penalty Information Center). Both the camps present handy, consistent and persuading contentions preferring their stand. The individuals who are against capital punishment accept that this extraordinary measure has least impediment impact, abuses the most essential of human rights, I. e. the privilege to life, is totally out of sync with socialized society and ought to be annulled out and out and forthwith. The individuals who bolster capital punishment, then again, do so in light of the fact that they hold that it goes about as a significant hindrance to appalling wrongdoings, violations carried out by hoodlums who, as per them, not exclusively don't merit a spot in the public eye, yet additionally lose the privilege to life. They need to bite the dust so any opportunity of them rehashing their wrongdoing and adding others to their rundown of casualties is wiped out for eternity. The state, it is contemplated, ends the life to accord security to future casualties of the indicted. A target investigation of the contentions for and against capital punishment anyway can just prompt the inescapable end that capital punishment has no spot in socialized society. Two entirely irrefutable and widespread realities supersede all contentions on the side of capital punishment: the crucial human right to life alongside the entirety of its basic ramifications to the individual and to society, and the permanence and irrevocability of capital punishment that removes all likelihood of reclamation or reexamination at the substance of the human instinct to fail. The Deterrent Factor Those who bolster capital punishment do as such based on the conviction that it goes about as a solid obstacle to wrongdoings like those submitted by the denounced. The statistical data points, nonetheless, recount to an alternate story. In the United States, the south records for 80% of the all out executions, yet it has the most noteworthy homicide rate. Be that as it may, the upper east, which has under 1% everything being equal, likewise has the most reduced homicide rate (Death Penalty Information Center). The figures loan themselves to extremely straight advance understandings: either capital punishment is bombing pitiably to go about as an impediment in the south or it must be acknowledged that the populace of the south is naturally progressively dangerous in nature or is essentially increasingly powerless to kill. There are different figures that verify the way that capital punishment doesn't really bring about a reduction in murder rates. In Canada, capital punishment was annulled in 1976. The manslaughter rate in the nation began declining since 1975, and in 1999 the crime rate was the least since 1967. An investigation by the New York Times in 2000 found that the murder rates in the US states with capital punishment have been 48% to 101% higher than in states without capital punishment (John Howard Society of Ontario). A staggering 84% of the top criminologists of the United States have dismissed the thought that capital punishment goes about as a hindrance to kill (Radelet Akers). The Amnesty International has additionally neglected to discover definitive proof that capital punishment has any special ability to deflect others from perpetrating comparative wrongdoings. In its review of research discoveries on the connection between capital punishment and manslaughter rates directed in 1998 and refreshed in 2002, it presumed that it was â€Å"not judicious to acknowledge the speculation that death penalty deflects murder to a barely more prominent degree than does the danger and use of the as far as anyone knows lesser discipline of life detainment. † (Hood 230) If discouragement infers that the sentenced is rendered unfit to rehash the wrongdoing and guarantee more casualty, at that point it will likewise need to suggest that the censured would have rehashed the wrongdoing whenever permitted to get away from capital punishment. That can anyway be a supposition and a suspicion in particular. What's more, regardless of whether we accept that the censured individual would have without a doubt attempted to rehash the wrongdoing, it would be conceivable just if the individual is permitted the freedom and the chance to do as such. Life detainment without the chance for further appeal would be a favored option in contrast to capital punishment in such a case. Pundits would anyway rush to call attention to the money related ramifications of life detainment. Elective intends to debilitate practically speaking, in any case, various investigations have discovered that the expense of executing a capital punishment is a lot higher than the expense of keeping up a detainee forever. There are numerous reasons why capital punishment is more costly than life detainment without the chance of parole (Capital Punishment Project): I. An a lot higher level of cases go to preliminary if there should arise an occurrence of capital punishments. ii. Murder preliminaries by and large take longer when capital punishment is at issue. A capital homicide preliminary endures more than 3. 5 time longer than non-capital homicide preliminaries (Cook Slawson). Certain sacred shields must be taken on account of capital punishment preliminaries prompting more noteworthy time prerequisite. The Jury choice strategy is likewise increasingly mind boggling and dreary and takes additional time. iii. Capital punishment preliminaries require increasingly extraordinary pretrial arrangements and progressively expound procedures. The condemning stage nearly sums to a subsequent preliminary. You read Body of evidence against the Death Penalty in class Papers All suit costs, as a general rule, must be borne by the citizen. The Joint Legislative Budget Committee of the California Legislature has presumed that â€Å"elimination of capital punishment would bring about a net investment funds to the condition of in any event a few a huge number of dollars yearly, and a net reserve funds to nearby governments in the millions to a huge number of dollars on a statewide premise. † (Budget Committee) It is subsequently plentifully clear the existence detainment without the chance for further appeal is a relatively less expensive and similarly powerful option in contrast to capital punishment, however forced a similar level of debilitation on the denounced on the individual level. The May 2006 Gallup Poll (in the United States) found that general help for capital punishment was 65% (down from 80% in 1994). A similar survey uncovered that when respondents are given the decision of existence without the chance for further appeal as an other condemning choice, more pick existence without any chance to appeal (48%) than capital punishment (47%). (John Howard Society of Ontario) Irreversibility of the Death Penalty The characteristic shortcoming of capital punishment as a legitimate measure lies in the way that it is irreversible and unavoidable. Various models bear declaration to the way that even the most elevated legal arrangement of any nation can commit errors, that honest people have been managed capital punishment consistently, that people on the death row had been conceded a minute ago respite when their guiltlessness had been demonstrated. Studies uncover that in excess of 200 individuals have been illegitimately sentenced for genuine violations, for example, murder and assault in California alone since 1989 (Martin). In the United States, 123 people have been excused and discharged from death row since 1973 (Death Penalty Information Center). A 1980s report in the United States distinguished 353 cases since the turn of the era of illegitimate feelings for offenses deserving of death and 25 blameless people were really executed (John Howard Society of Ontario). Capital punishment leaves no degree for blunders in judgment. In the event that an individual is seen as blameless after the sentence has been completed, it is highly unlikely in which an inappropriate can be fixed. Dissimilar to in different cases, the choice for pay for a wrong done is likewise totally precluded on account of capital punishment. It is in this way expected the state and the legal component are reliable, that there can be no missteps. The realities have refuted this suspicion. The center issue of human rights The most accursing body of evidence against capital punishment is that it is an encroachment on the most central of every human right †the privilege to life. A capital punishment is forced for the sake of the state. In any case, does the state really reserve the privilege to deny an individual of their life? It could be a hazardous recommendation even to accept so. Hitler’s Germany trusted in irrefutably the privilege of the state. The outcomes mark an extremely dull period throughout the entire existence of mankind. It is safe to say that we are taking a risk again by concurring the express the option to force and execute capital punishment? In the December 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, countries of the world met up to guarantee the major privileges of each individual. These human rights were not dependent upon the desire of the state, yet were pronounced to be innate in each individual. It was not the state’s privilege to concede or pull back the human rights. The central human rights in this way put impediments on what a state may do to an individual. The Universal presentation perceives each person’s right to life. Capital punishment is thusly a fragrant infringement of human rights. Human apparatus

Introducing MindMeister Groups - Focus

Introducing MindMeister Groups - Focus Please note: this article was last updated in 2013. For the latest information on MindMeister updates, please visit our blog homepage at focus.meisterlabs.com Were delighted to be announcing the release of a new feature in MindMeister today: MindMeister Groups.  This feature has been specially  requested by our users who are working in organizations, particularly teachers and project managers. Teachers using MindMeister have been looking for a simple way to share mind maps with their different classes and age groups e.g. 7th-grade English class or 9th-grade Biology class. In addition to this, a number of project managers and department leaders, using MindMeister in their companies, have been talking for  some time  about the need to quickly manage access to multiple mind maps for different teams and projects. Multiple groups can be created for every need, e.g. the marketing department, the 5th-grade class etc. Simply drag and drop users from your contact list into your members area. Once the groups have been formed its really easy to select which maps will be shared with that group. Accessing selected mind maps is also extremely simple. Instead of having to add people to each individual map, the group owner can just add or remove people from the group. This speeds up the entire process significantly. This feature is available to all subscribers of our Business and Edu Campus editions. Introducing MindMeister Groups - Focus Please note: this article was last updated in 2013. For the latest information on MindMeister updates, please visit our blog homepage at focus.meisterlabs.com Were delighted to be announcing the release of a new feature in MindMeister today: MindMeister Groups.  This feature has been specially  requested by our users who are working in organizations, particularly teachers and project managers. Teachers using MindMeister have been looking for a simple way to share mind maps with their different classes and age groups e.g. 7th-grade English class or 9th-grade Biology class. In addition to this, a number of project managers and department leaders, using MindMeister in their companies, have been talking for  some time  about the need to quickly manage access to multiple mind maps for different teams and projects. Multiple groups can be created for every need, e.g. the marketing department, the 5th-grade class etc. Simply drag and drop users from your contact list into your members area. Once the groups have been formed its really easy to select which maps will be shared with that group. Accessing selected mind maps is also extremely simple. Instead of having to add people to each individual map, the group owner can just add or remove people from the group. This speeds up the entire process significantly. This feature is available to all subscribers of our Business and Edu Campus editions.

Bilateral Symmetry Definition

Bilateral symmetry is a body plan in which the body can be divided into mirror images along a central axis. In this article, you can learn more about symmetry, advantages of bilateral symmetry and examples of marine life that exhibit bilateral symmetry. What Is Symmetry? Symmetry is the arrangement of shapes or body parts so that they are equal on each side of a dividing line. In an animal, this describes the way its body parts are arranged around a central axis.   There are several types of symmetry found in marine organisms. The two main types are bilateral symmetry and radial symmetry, but organisms may also exhibit pentaradial symmetry or biradial symmetry.  Some organisms are asymmetrical. Sponges are the only asymmetrical marine animal. Definition of Bilateral Symmetry Bilateral symmetry is the arrangement of body parts into left and right halves on either side of a central axis. When an organism is bilaterally symmetrical, you can draw an imaginary line (this is called the sagittal plane) from the tip of its snout to the tip of its back end, and on either side of this line would be halves that are mirror images of each other. In a bilaterally symmetrical organism, only one plane can divide the organism into mirror images. This can also be called left/right symmetry. The right and left halves arent exactly the same. For example, the right flipper of a whale may be a little larger or differently shaped than the left flipper.   Many animals, including humans, exhibit bilateral symmetry. For example, the fact that we have an eye, arm, and leg in about the same place on each side of our bodies makes us bilaterally symmetrical. Bilateral Symmetry Etymology The term bilateral can be traced to the Latin bis (two) and latus (side). The word symmetry comes from the Greek words syn (together) and metron (meter). Characteristics of Animals That Are Bilaterally Symmetrical Animals that exhibit bilateral symmetry typically have head and tail (anterior and posterior) regions, a top and a bottom (dorsal and ventral) and left and right sides. Most have a complex brain that is located in the head, which is part of a well-developed nervous system and may even have right and left sides. They also usually have eyes and a mouth located in this region. In addition to having a more developed nervous system, bilaterally symmetrical animals can move more quickly than animals with other body plans. This bilaterally symmetrical body plan may have evolved to help animals better find food or escape predators.  Also, having a head and tail region means that waste is eliminated in a different region from where food is eaten - definitely a perk for us!   Animals with bilateral symmetry also have better eyesight and hearing than those with radial symmetry. Examples of Bilateral Symmetry Humans and many other animals exhibit bilateral symmetry. In the ocean world, most marine creatures, including all vertebrates and some invertebrates exhibit bilateral symmetry. Following are examples of marine life profiled on this site that exhibit bilateral symmetry: Marine MammalsSea TurtlesFishLobstersCephalopodsNudibranchsEchinoderms - although they have  pentaradial  (5-sided) symmetry as adults, echinoderm larvae are bilaterally symmetrical. References and Further Information Morrissey, J.F. and J.L. Sumich. 2012. Introduction to the Biology of Marine Life (10th Edition). Jones Bartlett Learning. 467pp.Natural History Museum. Bilateral Symmetry. Accessed June 16, 2015.Prosser, W. A. M. 2012. Animal Body Plans and Movement: Symmetry in Action. Decoded Science. Accessed February 28, 2016.University of California Museum of Paleontology. Bilateral (left/right) Symmetry. Understanding Evolution. Accessed February 28, 2016.

Theology World Religions Vocabulary Essay - 1919 Words

Indigenous Religions Complementary dualism –the concept that the universe contains life enhancing and life-diminishing forces that work together and are equally necessary to its survival. Conflict dualism – the concept that the universe contains good and evil forces that are wholly separate and in constant opposition. Dogon – a member of a group of indigenous people of the mountains of central Mali. Ghost dance - a group dance of a late 19th century American Indian (Iroquois) messianic cult believed to promote the return of the dead and the restoration of traditional ways of life. Mana – a Melanesian term for a life-enhancing power that can be concentrated in people or objects. Oral traditions – narratives, myths,†¦show more content†¦Pentateuch – the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, traditionally ascribed to Moses but now regarded as the product of several centuries of later literacy activity. Rabbi – a teacher, in Roman times an expert on the interpretation of Torah; since priestly sacrifices ceased with the destruction of the temple, the rabbi has been the scholarly and spiritual leader of a Jewish congregation. Sabbath – the seventh day of the week, observed since ancient times as a day of rest from ordinary activity. Seder – â€Å"order†; the term used for the ritual Passover supper. Sephardim/Sephardic – the Jews premodern Mediterranean and Middle East. Synagogue – from the Greek meaning â€Å"assembly† or â€Å"gathering†: the local place of congregational worship, which became central to Judaism after the destruction of the Jerusalem temple. Tanakh – an acronym referring to the entire Hebrew Bible: Torah (law), Nevi’im (prophets), and Ketuvim (sacred writings). Torah – a word meaning â€Å"teaching† or â€Å"instruction†; applied most specifically to the Law of Moses (the Pentateuch) but may also refer to the entire scripture, including commentaries. Yarmulke – the Yiddish word for the kippah or skullcap. Yiddish – the language spoken by central and eastern European Jews in recent centuries; thought it isShow MoreRelatedReligion in Rap Music1550 Words   |  7 Pagesgenre may also incorporate other elements of hip hop culture, including DJing and scratching, beatboxing and instrumental tracks. For hip hop culture in general and rap music in particular as important source for the study of religion and an important source of reflection on religion in America. 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Both known religious traditions Hinduism and Buddhism focus on liberation from the endless cycle of rebirth and death and the suffering that comes with that cycle – known as samsara

Critical Thinking Paper Free Essays

Thinking and Decision Making Paper University of Phoenix MGT/350 December 13, 2010 Cyndie Shadow Critical thinking and decision making are more related than people know. Critical thinking affects the way people think, the way people live, and the decision they make. Good decision making is the backbone of sound management. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will analyze the three different types of thinking styles. Also, this paper will provide you with critical thinking and decision making processes by discussing workplace examples that highlight each of the three different types of thinking. The three different types of thinking are scientific, creative, and persuasive. After reading this paper learning more about critical thinking and decision making you will then have a better understanding of their relationship. This paper should provide you with the benefits of both critical thinking and decision making both personally and professionally. Persuasive Thinking Persuasive thinking is the thought process that is trying to influence someone to accept a message (Kirby Goodpastor,  2007). This type of thinking is extremely too difficult to master, but when done well can be very effective. The main points to consider when using this type of thinking an individual must understand; human nature, emotions, and think carefully before attempting to get someone to accept a message. An individual must also be aware of the time and the place the message is being communicated, and understands his or her involvement in the message it’s self. Most important, the message being conveyed must be understood, the audience, and the audiences’ values. A thinker that can understand all of these complex pieces of persuasive thinking will be successful at getting the people they are attempting to persuade to accept his or her message. Scientific Thinking Scientific thinking and the scientific method have been a part of problem solving and communication since before the modern era. The scientific method has four specific steps used in the thinking process. The first is observation, and brainstorming the causes and effects of a certain situation or phenomenon. This is the beginning of thinking. The second step to the scientific method is hypothesis, a tentative statement about the relationship between two variables, usually in the form of a prediction (Kirby Goodpastor,  2007). The hypothesis is similar to an educated guess that formulates the experiment. Experimentation is the third step of the scientific method. This is necessary to test the hypothesis and determine the correct cause and effect through various types of research. The final step of the scientific method is verification, or the analysis of data to see if that data supports or disputes the hypothesis. If the hypothesis is not supported the communication was incorrect somewhere and needs to be restarted at step one. Creative Thinking According to â€Å"VirtualSalt, 2010† Creative Thinking is the ability to imagine or invent something new. Unlike Persuasive thinking, Creative thinking is much easier to master. It is basically taking your own ideas and sharing that information into an objective. Anyone can think creatively, in fact, much of everyone’s thinking is some form of creatively. A person only thinks of creativity as a gift or skill, but a person could learn creative techniques from a teacher. Creativity starts with brainstorming. Brainstorming allows the mind to flow from thought to thought. Being creative is a benefit of having fun. There’s five creative methods in creative thinking process which are; evolution, synthesis, revolution, reapplication, and changing direction. Many organization work effectively together by using each other’s strengths, rather than punishing each other because of their difference. Our creativity can generate an astonishing amount of material, and creativity is involving continually in all areas of our thinking (Kirby Goodpaster, 2007). Compare and Contrast Creative thinking, scientific thinking, and persuasive thinking have many similarities. Although they share similar traits, these thinking styles are also different from each other. A few of the similarities between these three thinking styles are that they all play an important role in critical thinking and commonly used in the decision making process to reach a solution. Creative thinking is when something new is created due to an individual’s thoughts. Many people use creative thinking in their daily routine which helps in tackling complex Creative thinking can be challenging at times as people don’t realize when they use this style. Creative thinking is one of the first steps of the critical thinking process however it can be used at any time during the process. Creative thinking is used in many situations such as creating a new product, creating a schedule, or even dealing with children. Without creative thinking there wouldn’t be consistence and frequent growth in new inventions. Unlike creative thinking, scientific thinking is a more serious thinking style. Scientific thinking is one of the most reliable types of thinking. It is also used by a lot of people in all areas of their everyday lives. There are four major steps in scientific thinking and at the end of that process we may be able to reach a persuasive conclusion. And last but not least is persuasive thinking. Persuasive thinking is when individual’s can encourage others to share their thoughts. Persuasive thinking is used by many people in their everyday lives however most people are not aware of it. We are more likely to be persuaded by someone who is knowledgeable, objective, rational, honest, attractive, convinced, similar to us, and by someone who appeals to our values, ours needs, and our wants (Kirby Goodpaster, 2007). Unlike the scientific thinking process the persuasive structure process has five steps. These five steps are very important when using persuasion. Another thing that plays an important role in persuasive thinking is the audience. The audience’s demographics, their values, and their needs are very important when it comes to persuasion. Critical thinking is a very complex subject to break down and be able to fit the ideas in a few paragraphs. Any action that leads to a reaction by humans requires some form of critical thinking process and be able to judge the outcome of the reaction created. Scientific, persuasive and creative styles of thinking are a process within the critical thinking map. These are styles that simply help mitigate risks. Scientific styles plays an important role in critical thinking as it could either be a start of an idea, or there could be some form of scientific style that plays an important role when the thought has matured, or it could be the ultimate solution to the thought. This style is used for effectiveness and being able to prove the impacts of these thoughts. Creative style helps in the exploration of a critical thought. This style helps in thinking outside the box and molds us to think of alternate solutions. Thinking about open ended questions is a very crucial part of this style. This helps the mind explore into unknown territories. This style can be used in the day to day routines in personal and professional lives. Decorating a home to creating a PowerPoint presentation requires this style. Creative style also helps in building, developing and creating a short term and long term vision of the thought. In the corporate environment this style has become very popular and employers have given this style quite an importance. For e. g. Google has a very lengthy interview process where one of the interviews is all about how creative you are and whether or not you are able to come up with a solution with this style. They are not looking for a right or wrong answer but is able to test and reason their creative thoughts on the given problem. The last but not the least is the persuasive style. This style requires expertise and the ability to gain confidence of your audience to convince them about your message. One may have a brilliant thought, but not being able to persuade your audience can cause a huge problem. There may be finances involved with your thought but not being able to effectively convince your audience on how, the thought remains a thought. Persuasive style requires some scientific and some creative thinking as these go hand in hand. For e. g. There is a software idea that helps resolve the needs of a sales team. In order to prove this idea, scientific and creative thinking can help in the building blocks to the software. The next step is to be able to prove this idea and this requires persuasiveness. The need to connect with your audience and at the end of the day be able to persuade and convince them to buy the software for their sales team. Conclusion Thinking is something that everyone does on daily basis. This paper described the persuasive, creative, and scientific thinking styles that could be used by an individual or group to determine the best solution for a given problem. One thinking style may work in a particular situation while another is best for a different situation entirely. Each individual is different and therefore has a thinking style that works best for them in a given situation. Understanding each thinking style and selecting the style that best suits the individual is the key to finding the best possible decision. References Kirby, G. R. Goodpaster, J. R. (2007). Thinking (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Kirby, G. , Goodpastor, J. (2007). Thinking: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Critical and Creative Thought. Retrieved from  https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/TOC. aspx? assetdataid=d714d42b-a9b3-4644-abe2-bd0499f8f9caassetmetaid=8b8803a8-2bba-48b1-be11-f0f4106b8920. Virtualsalt, 2010 retrieved on December 13, 2010 from http://www. virtualsalt. com/crebook1. htm How to cite Critical Thinking Paper, Papers

Spirituality Effect on Drug Abuse

Introduction The main aim of this research is to determine whether spirituality has an effect on drug abuse treatment programs. Articles for the research were all published in renowned journals, and a key word search of spirituality and drug abuse led to them.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Spirituality Effect on Drug Abuse Treatment Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some articles were too prescriptive while others did not focus on an intervention. The 3 articles did not possess these two qualities. Analysis of the articles Heinz et al. (2010) carried out an analysis of the relationship between spirituality and substance abuse treatment. The hypothesis of the study was that spirituality is appropriate in the formal treatment of addiction; the study confirmed this hypothesis. The researchers defined the dependent variable (treatment of addiction) as a treatment program consisting of 25 methadone- addicted males. They measured it on the basis of success of treatment outcomes. The authors also defined the independent variable (spirituality) as a deep relationship between oneself and a transcendent being. They measured it by the responses given by the participants. Data collection was through a focus group approach of the 25 addicts. The research lacked a control group, which undermined its ability to be randomized.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The study did not consist of an ethnically diverse group, so its relevance to other populations may be questionable. Nonetheless, it supports the assumption that spirituality is central to recovery from drug abuse. White and Laudet (2006) main research hypothesis was that spirituality played a significant role in addiction counseling; they confirmed the hypothesis. The dependent variable was addiction counseling, and they meas ured it through success or failure rates in recovery. The group defined the independent variable (spirituality) by how a person experiences it and the intensity or authenticity of the experience. A spiritual well being scale, a self assessment scale, as well as a religious background survey, were the methods of measuring the independent variable. A study of addicted subjects enabled data collection. It came from a range of journal studies on the same. This was a comprehensive survey of existing information on the topic. Control groups existed in some articles while others did not. The divergence of the study groups used indicates that the findings can be randomized. The authors belonged to a theoretical camp in which counselors believe that scientific methods can be applied to the definition and measurement of spirituality during the treatment of addiction (Piedmont, 2004). Galanter et al. (2006) had a research hypothesis which stated that spiritual orientation is a vital part of re covery; they confirmed the hypothesis. They defined the dependent variable as abstinence from an addictive drug and measured it by the presence or absence of the addiction. In the analysis, they defined as having a relationship with God. Galanter et al. (2006) measured it through a six-item spirituality scale that they created. The studies involved substance abusers and non addicts in a methadone treatment facility, general hospital, community therapeutic area and a psychiatric service.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Spirituality Effect on Drug Abuse Treatment Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The self reported assertions of the participants were the method of data collection. Since there were control groups in each facility consisting on none addicts, the research can be generalized. It may also be randomized as the self rating scale was for all users. The authors belong to the group of practi tioners who believe that spirituality improves recovery for some patients (Galanter, 2005). Conclusion The above findings indicate that most authors largely focus on whether spirituality matters in substance abuse. In this research, it will be necessary to look into how it can be used. References Galanter, M. (2005). Spirituality and the healthy mind. Oxford: OUP. Galanter, M., Dermatis, H., Bunt, G., Williams, C., Trujillo, M. Steinke, P. (2006). Assessment of spirituality and its relevance to addiction treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 33, 257-264. Heinz, A., Disney, E., Epstein, D., Glezen, L, Clark, P. and Preston, K. (2010). A focus-group study on spirituality and substance-abuse treatment. Substance Use Misuse 45(2), 134-153 Piedmont, R. (2004). Spiritual transcendence as a predictor of psychosocial outcome from an outpatient substance abuse program. Psychology of Addictive Behaviour, 18, 213-222.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More White, W. Laudet, A. (2006). Spirituality, science and addiction counselling. Counsellor, 7(1), 56-59 This research paper on Spirituality Effect on Drug Abuse Treatment Programs was written and submitted by user Elvis Hodges to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.